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''De Christiana expeditione apud Sinas suscepta ab Societate Jesu'' (''On the Christian Mission among the Chinese by the Society of Jesus'') is a book based on an Italian manuscript written by the most important founding figure of the Jesuit China mission, Matteo Ricci (1552–1610), expanded and translated into Latin by his colleague Nicolas Trigault (1577–1628). The book was first published in 1615 in Augsburg.〔.〕 The book's full title is ''De Christiana expeditione apud sinas suscepta ab Societate Jesu. Ex P. Matthaei Riccii eiusdem Societatis commentariis Libri V: Ad S.D.N. Paulum V. In Quibus Sinensis Regni mores, leges, atque instituta, & novae illius Ecclesiae difficillima primordia accurate & summa fide describuntur'' ("The Christian Expedition among the Chinese undertaken by the Society of Jesus from the commentaries of Fr. Matteo Ricci of the same Society... in which the customs, laws, and principles of the Chinese kingdom and the most difficult first beginnings of the new Church there are accurately and with great fidelity described / authored by Fr. Nicolas Trigault, Flemish, of the same Society,"〔(Binding Friendship: Ricci, China and Jesuit Cultural Learnings ), John J. Burns Library, Boston College〕 dedicated to Pope Paul V). As it indicates, the work contained an overview of the late Ming China's geography, politics, and culture, its philosophy and religions, and described the history of Christianity's inroads into China (primarily, the work of Ricci himself and his fellow Jesuits). The book articulated Ricci's approach for planting Christianity on the Chinese soil: an "accommodationist" policy, as later scholars called it, based on the premise of the essential compatibility between Christianity and Confucianism.〔 With some evolutionary changes, this policy continued to guide Jesuit missionaries in China for the next century.〔 The first major book published in Europe by an author who was not only fluent in Chinese and conversant in Chinese culture but also had traveled over much of the country, Ricci-Trigault's work was highly popular, and went through at least 16 editions in a number of European languages in the several decades after its first publication.〔(SPIRITUAL JOURNEYS: Books Illustrating the First Two Centuries of Contemplation and Action of the Society of Jesus. Book 4: Ricci, Matteo, 1552–1610, and Nicolas Trigault, 1577–1628. De Christiana expeditione apud Sinas suscepta ab Societate Jesu. (Lyon: Sumptibus Horatii Cardon, 1616) )〕 ==History of the book== The book is based primarily on "journals" written by the Italian Jesuit Matteo Ricci (1552–1610) during his 27 years of residence of China (1583–1610). After Ricci's death his papers, written in Italian, were found by his fellow Jesuits in his Beijing office. A handwritten copy was made, as well as a translation into Portuguese.〔 In 1612, the China Mission's Superior, Niccolo Longobardi appointed another Jesuit, Nicolas Trigault (1577–1628), known for his good Latin writing skills, as the China Mission's procurator (recruitment and PR representative) in Europe. One of his important tasks was bringing Ricci's journals to Europe and publishing them in a book form, after translating them into Latin, expanding and editing them.〔 He sailed from Macau to India on February 9, 1613, and started to work on the manuscript already on shipboard. Other tasks interfered during the overland section of his westward journey to Europe (via Persian Gulf, Persia, and Egypt) and his negotiations with the Jesuit leaders in Rome; but he managed to complete his work by 1615, when the book was published in Augsburg in 645 pages, plus introductory and index material.〔 Trigault's preface was dated January 14, 1615.〔Gallagher (1953), p. xv.〕 French, German, Spanish, and Italian translations followed within the next six years.〔Gallagher (1953), p. xvii〕 Ricci's original Italian text was not published until the appearance of the ''Opere storiche del P. Matteo Ricci, S.J'' (Historical Works of Fr. Matteo Ricci, S.J.) in two volumes in 1911 and 1913. This edition, prepared by the Italian Jesuit historian Pietro Tacchi Venturi, contained Ricci's original text, under the title ''Commentarj della Cina'' (Commentary on China), as well as Ricci's letters from China. However, Venturi's lack of knowledge of Chinese made it necessary for Fr. Pasquale d'Elia (1890–1963) to produce another, better annotated edition of Ricci's manuscripts (known as ''Fonti Ricciane'') some 30 years later, in the 1940s. Notes provided by d'Elia (who had been a Jesuit missionary in China himself) contained the standard (Wade-Giles) transcription and Chinese characters for the Chinese names and words that appeared in Ricci's (and Ricci-Trigault's) text in Ricci's original transcription.〔"Dicionário Português-Chinês : 葡汉辞典 (Pu-Han cidian): Portuguese-Chinese dictionary", by Michele Ruggieri, Matteo Ricci; edited by John W. Witek. Published 2001, Biblioteca Nacional. ISBN 972-565-298-3. (Partial preview ) available on Google Books. P. 179.〕〔( Pasquale d' Elia, 1890 ~ 1963 )〕 Excerpts from ''De Christiana expeditione'' appeared in English in ''Purchas his Pilgrimes'' in 1625,〔 under the title "A discourse of the Kingdome of China, taken out of Ricius and Trigautius, containing the countrey, people, government, religion, rites, sects, characters, studies, arts, acts ; and a Map of China added, drawne out of one there made with Annotations for the understanding thereof".〔( Full text of "Hakluytus posthumus" ) on archive.org. Archive.org provides full text scan, even though, for some reason, the book (appears on Google Books ) only in snippet view.〕 A complete English translation of the Latin text, by the Jesuit Louis J. Gallagher was published in the USA in 1942, with the preface and ''imprimatur'' of the Archbishop of Boston Richard J. Cushing. It was reprinted in 1953. The standard Ricci-Trigault's Latin edition, as well as most translations, are divided into five large sections ("books"). Book One is encyclopedic overview of the late-Ming China as seen by Ricci during his 27 years of living in the country, interacting with people of all walks of life, and reading Chinese literature. The other four books describe, in chronological order, the story of the Jesuit China missions before, during, and for a few years after, Ricci's "expedition" into China. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「De Christiana expeditione apud Sinas」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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